Graduated from ULIège in 1980; military service (belgian army vet service) 1981; research fellow at UPen (USA)1983; Cert SAO (UK) 1987; PhD (ULiège) 1988; DipECVS 1994; full professor of small animal surgery (ULiège) 2001, visiting prof AO (Davos) 2018, DipECVSMR de facto 2023.